Fake invoice red flags

Fraudulent invoices tend to share the same warning signs. One alone is not proof; several together are a reason to stop.

  1. You do not recognise the supplier, or have no order behind the invoice.
  2. The bank details are new or changed, especially if announced by email.
  3. Pressure to pay quickly, such as "final notice" or "pay today".
  4. An odd invoice number: missing, repeated, or not in the supplier's usual pattern.
  5. Details that differ from your records: a name with one letter changed, a different address or tax ID.
  6. No purchase order or reference where your process normally has one.
  7. Vague or round amounts, such as "services rendered" with no breakdown.
  8. A sender address that does not match, for example a lookalike domain or a free mailbox.
  9. Numbers that do not add up. Run the check above to find out in seconds.

The full list, with what to do about each, is in our guide: how to identify a fake invoice.

How to check a suspicious invoice

  1. Do not act on the message. Do not reply, click links or open unexpected attachments.
  2. Upload the PDF to test the arithmetic and basic details.
  3. Look up the supplier yourself. Use your own records or an independent source, not details from the invoice.
  4. Match it to an order or delivery. A purchase order, quote, contract or delivery note.
  5. Call to confirm. Use a phone number you already hold, particularly for bank detail changes.
  6. Report it if it is fraudulent, and ask your bank to act if money has already left.

What a calculation check does and does not prove

A passed result means the numbers on the page agree with each other. It does not mean the invoice is real. A failed result means something is wrong, which may be a fake or may be an honest mistake; either way, do not pay until it is explained. If it turns out to be an error, see how to fix invoice errors.

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